Inter-Process Communication | Shared Memory Model | Message Passing Model in Operating System

•IPC – (Inter-Process Communication) is the capability which allow two process of the computer to communicate with each other.

•Where will be those process?
•Its not important for process to be in the same computer they can be in same computer or in different computer which are connected over the network.

•There are two fundamental model of Inter Process Communication.
•1) Shared Memory Model
•2) Message Passing Model
Where this shared memory is located?

You may find this shared memory under the address space of the process which want to share data with other processes.

•Yup, That’s true that OS usually prevent the process to inter in the memory of other process but in this scenario, we bypass this prevention.
•OR the process itself allow the OS to remove this protection from its memory for the cooperating processes.Message Passing Model
In this model two process communicate with each other by passing messages.

•It is easy to implement as compare to shared memory model.

•It is useful to exchange small amount of data.

•This system is much more useful in the distributed environment when the two computers are on the same network and their processes want to share the data.

Message Passing Model Operations:

Message passing model provide two operations
1.Send(Message)
2.Receive(Message)

In sending message and receiving message, there are two more concepts.
1.Direct Communication
    1.1.Symmetric Communication
    1.2.Asymmetric Communication
2.Indirect Communication

Direct Communication:
In direct communication sender and receiver mention the name of the process from which they want to receive messages or to whom they want to send messages.

In Symmetric communication both sender and receiver mention the name of each other.

in Asymmetric Communication Only sender mention the name of the receiver, receive the message from the ID.

Indirect Communication:
•In this system messages are sent and receive from the mailbox.

•Mailbox is a place where two or more process store and remove messages.

•Processes communicate sharing one mailbox.

What is a project?

•A project is a group of tasks that we perform to achieve the required result. Not only in the software domain project in every domain is a group of tasks.

•Every project no matter if it is in the field of software or some else have some starting and ending time linked with it.

•Every project need some resources, in the term of time, in term of manpower, finance and knowledge-bank.

•Collectively all these resources help us to complete a project.
What is Project Management

•Project management is a way to lead the team and use all the resources in a manage way to achieve the required results which we want at the end of the project.

•The focus of the project management is to achieve all of the project goals under the given constraints.

•Goals are the tasks which collectively makes a project and manpower is working on it.

•Constraints are given time frame, budget, requirements and all these things.What is Software Project?

•A software project is complete procedure of software development from the requirement gathering to final stage of developing a software and maintain It.What is Software Project Management?Project ManagerResponsibilities of Project Manager

•Project Planning
•Scope Management
•Project Estimation
•    Software Size
•    Effort
•    Time
•    Cost estimation
•Resources Management
•Risk Management

•He is the fully responsible to keep the project on track.
1.He monitor the flow of team activities, Their planning and put them in a sequence and under the constraints of the project. 

Inter Process Communication - IPC in Operating System•IPC is an important thing in the multiprogramming system, or we can say multiprogramming system depends on this system,

•Single process Operating system do not use IPC.

•Microsoft windows is a Multiprogramming operating system and it use the IPC. In windows IPC is known as Dynamic Data Exchange System.

•In an OS (Multiprogramming OS) many process may be running at the same time. In the context of IPC we can divide those processes into two main categories.

1.Independent Process
2.Cooperating Process

Independent Process 
•As name shows in the Multiprogramming OS environment these processes are work independently.
•They never ask any other process to share data and never share their own data to some other process.
•Although they are in the Multiprogramming OS but they never share data.

Cooperating Process
•Name is telling the whole store these are just opposite to the independent process and share the data with other cooperating process into the system.

•Different advantages of process cooperation:
1.Information Sharing
2.Computation Speed up
3.Modularity
4.ConvenienceComputation Speed up
•Task get divided into multiple tasks, all task run parallel and achieve the required results.

Modularity
•Divide a function into separate process and threads.

Convenience
•If user is using the same data in different tasks conflict can be arise so this system try to avoid conflicts.

•There are further two memory models in this system.
•Shared Memory Model
•Message Passing System

To understand the concept of Software Architecture you should have knowledge and concept of what is Architecture.